Emotional intelligence- emotional intelligence vs. IQ in effective Research Paper

Emotional intelligence- emotional intelligence vs. IQ in effective mangers - Research Paper Example As it has always been, academic excellence has always been stressed as an appropriate preparation for an individual to make it life. Emotion on the other hand has been traditionally viewed as a weakness and irrelevant. It has been traditionally thought that emotion has no bearing nor use in professional endeavor and as such, been relegated as inferior to IQ especially in a workplace setting where leadership and management has always been equated with problem solving. This has been the case until EQ was introduced that it is now beginning to change the paradigms about leadership and work efficacy. II. Literature Review The idea of Emotional Intelligence can be first traced on the work of Thorndike (1920) who theorized that intelligence is not only confined to academics but also includes emotional and social component (qtd. in Mandell & Pherwarni, 2003). Later, investigators like Guilford (1967) and H. Eysenck (1995) presented that intelligence is such a multifaceted construct that it is composed of one hundred and twenty varying types of intelligence (qtd. in Lyusin, 2006). In 1971, Shanley, Walker, and Foley (1971) already hypothesized that social intelligence was distinct from academic intelligence, but could not support it with empirical evidence that emotional intelligence is a separate construct. This was later provided by Howard Gardner when he articulated his theory of multiple intelligences categorizing it as intra personal and interpersonal intelligences within within the framework of multiple intelligences (Gardner, 1983). His concept on intrapersonal intelligence or the capacity and competence to understand one’s self and apply it effectively in its relationship to others and in life in general as articulated in his concept on interpersonal intelligence served as the basic building block upon which future theorists built their research on (Carmeli & Josman, 2006). Gardner also proposed that there are eight types of intelligences that includes à ¢â‚¬Å"spatial, musical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, bodily—kinesthetic, naturalistic, and the traditional academic intelligence: linguistic and logical-mathematical. . . Later, Riggio, Murphy and Pirozzolo (2002) propose that these multiple forms of intelligence are possessed by effective leaders and these allow leaders to respond successfully to a range of situations† (Mandel and Pherwani, 2003:388). It was however Peter Salovey and John Mayer who formally developed the term â€Å"emotional intelligence† which landed its model in the field of Psychology that researchers later expaned on. The first version of the model was defined as the as the â€Å"the ability to monitor one’s own and other’s feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and action† (Salovey and Mayer, 1990 qtd. In Lyusin, 2006: 55). It was interpreted as a complex construct consisting of three types of abili ties; (1) the identification and expression of emotion as; (2) the regulation of emotions; and (3) the application of emotional information to thinking and action (Lyusin, 2006:55). This was later clarified by Mayer and Salovey that emotions contain information on how people or objects could connect at them (Mayer et al., 2001). The ability of connecting these emotions has led Salovey and Mayer to identify the four components of emotional intellig